Copenhagen by Michael Frayn

Copenhagen by Michael Frayn For what reason do we do the things we do? It’s a basic inquiry. Yet, once in a while there’s more than one answer. What's more, that’s where it gets muddled. In Michael Frayn’s Copenhagen, an anecdotal record of a real occasion during World War II, two physicists trade warmed words and significant thoughts. One man, Werner Heisenberg, tries to saddle the intensity of the molecule for Germany’s powers. The other researcher, Niels Bohr is crushed that his local Denmark has been involved by the Third Reich. Chronicled Context In 1941, German physicist Heisenberg visited Bohr. The two talked quickly before Bohr furiously finished the discussion and Heisenberg left. Secret and debate have encircled this noteworthy trade. About 10 years after the war, Heisenberg kept up that he visited Bohr, his friend,â and father-figure, to talk about his own moral worries about atomic weaponry. Bohr, in any case, recollects in an unexpected way; he asserts that Heisenberg appeared to have no ethical misgivings about making nuclear weapons for the Axis powers. Consolidating a solid blend of exploration and creative mind, dramatist Michael Frayn examines the different inspirations driving Heisenberg’s meeting with his previous coach, Niels Bohr. The Setting: a Vague Spirit World Copenhagen is set in an undisclosed area, with no notice of sets, props, ensemble, or grand structure. (Indeed, the play doesn't offer a solitary stage bearing †surrendering the activity totally over to the on-screen characters and the executive.) The crowd learns right off the bat that every one of the three characters (Heisenberg, Bohr, and Bohr’s spouse Margrethe) have been dead for quite a long time. With their lives now finished, their spirits go to the past to attempt to understand the 1941 gathering. During their conversation, the garrulous spirits address different minutes in their lives †skiing excursions and sailing mishaps, research center tests and long strolls with companions. Quantum Mechanics in front of an audience You don’t must be a material science buff to adore this play, yet it absolutely makes a difference. A great part of the appeal of Copenhagen originates from Bohrs and Heisenberg’s articulations of their passionate love of science. There is verse to be found in the operations of a molecule, and Frayn’s exchange is most smooth when the characters make significant correlations between the responses of electrons and the selections of people. Copenhagen was first acted in London as a â€Å"theater in the round.† The developments of the on-screen characters in that creation - as they contend, bother, and intellectualize - mirrored the occasionally confrontational cooperations of nuclear particles. The Role of Margrethe From the outset, Margrethe may appear the most paltry character of the three. All things considered, Bohr and Heisenberg are the researchers, every one profoundly affecting the manner in which humanity comprehends quantum material science, the life structures of the particle, and the ability of atomic vitality. Be that as it may, Margrethe is basic to the play since she gives the researcher characters a reason to communicate in layman’s terms. Without the spouse assessing their discussion, some of the time in any event, assaulting Heisenberg and shielding her frequently inactive husband, the play’s exchange may regress into different conditions. These discussions may be convincing for a couple of scientific virtuosos, yet would be in any case exhausting for all of us! Margrethe keeps the characters grounded. She speaks to the audience’s point of view. Moral Questions On occasion the play feels unreasonably cerebral to its benefit. However, the play works best when ethic quandaries are investigated. Was Heisenberg corrupt for attempting to gracefully the Nazis with nuclear energy?Were Bohr and the other associated researchers carrying on deceptively by making the nuclear bomb?Was Heisenberg visiting Bohr to look for moral direction? Or on the other hand was he just parading his boss status?​Each of these and more are commendable inquiries to consider. The play doesn’t give an authoritative answer, yet it implies that Heisenberg was a merciful researcher who cherished his mother country, yet didn't favor of nuclear weapons. Numerous antiquarians would differ with Frayn’s translation, obviously. However that makes Copenhagen even more agreeable. It probably won't be the most energizing play, however it unquestionably invigorates banter.

Macro-environment and Micro-environment for Topshop

Full scale condition and Micro-condition for Topshop Presentation As a worldwide promoting director of Topshop, it is important to consider extending its worldwide showcasing. China is a decent decision as it possesses countless people. Furthermore, close by changing ways of life and pay development, Chinas style retail advertise is blasting (Reuters, 2007[Online]). For Topshop, it implies numerous potential clients. In any case, some other universal brands, as Zara and HM, have opened its market in China for scarcely any years and have made client steadfastness somewhat. At that point, before going into Chinese market, it is still need to cause a definite investigation of the entire Chinese condition to incorporate inside and outer and choose the most appropriate passage technique for Topshop on the off chance that it needs to be fruitful. Circumstance of Topshop: Association review Topshop is a U.K. based attire store chain which is established in1964 for young ladies selling style garments, shoes and extras and furthermore is a piece of the Arcadia Group (Mahalo.com, 2010 [Online]). It is claimed by Sir Philip Green and the stores include Kate Mosss creator designs (Mahalo.com, 2010 [Online]). Presently, the leader store in London Oxford Street is the greatest design store in Europe. It works in excess of 20 nations presently and has more than 309 design stores across the country, and 50 stores outside the UK (Oppapers.com, 2008 [Online]). It likewise has a site where you can purchase a ton of the Topshop (Oppapers.com, 2008 [Online]). SWOT investigation Quality of Topshop as it has a place with Arcadia Group which dealing with a few effective brands, and has gotten to target showcase with more than 300 stores across the nation (marangonimarketing.blogspot.com, 2008[Online]). It gives various decisions in product offerings and plan assortment of items with a huge number of looks per season inventively (Irina Klebelsberg, 2008[Online]). Contend with different brands, it likewise offers free close to home style experts (Irina Klebelsberg, 2008[Online]). What's more, web site causes it to pull in more clients around the globe and make everyone shopping on the web rapidly (marangonimarketing.blogspot.com, 2008[Online]). These make Topshop keep pattern of mindfulness and follow the style (Irina Klebelsberg, 2008[Online]). Shortcoming of Topshop is that the organization is worldwide, however it has a nearness in barely any nations around the world (Irina Klebelsberg, 2008[Online]). Countless staff and items make it hard to oversee and build the administration costs. What's more, huge store space lead to frail client administrations. On web shopping, there is no detail and size for decorates (marangonimarketing.blogspot.com, 2008[Online]). In addition, a few pieces of clothing quality isn't coordinating with the value (Irina Klebelsberg, 2008[Online]). Open doors for Topshop are about countless individuals in China which implies it can get numerous potential customers. Contrasted and other design retailers, it isn't simply target youthful Chinese, yet additionally white-nabbed laborers and a piece of moderately aged people who follow the most stylish trend in China, as this sort of style gathering can manage the cost of it and ready to spend on style (Reuters, 2007). It is simpler for pulling in Chinese clients and makes them think about this brand by web based shopping to expand income and benefits (marangonimarketing.blogspot.com, 2008[Online]). Dangers consistently reflected by its rivals, for example, Zara and HM, likewise are quick style retailers who have gone into China and have a status for few years(Irina Klebelsberg, 2008[Online]). On the off chance that Topshop needs to be effective in China, it is important to show its one of a kind highlights and improve quality and hold low cost and great structure, since its rivals help out top planners and style symbols as well (marangonimarketing.blogspot.com, 2008[Online]). Whats more, it needs to confront a few impediments from government approaches and to think about the social and requests of China at the earliest opportunity. Key contenders For Topshop, Zara and HM are viewed as universal rivals in China, as every one of them have some regular highlights as design retailing. For instance, they are all imagination, quality plan and quick turnaround to acclimate to changing business sector request (Thinking made simple, 2009[Online]). Be that as it may, Zara is the nearest contender for Topshop due to the relative more significant expense than HM. Somewhat, HM is less stylish. Investigation of China: Irritation investigation In parts of arrangements, China demands its method of tranquil turn of events and saves the stable political circumstance for a drawn out which offers a great outer condition for Topshop to build up its market. Furthermore, the legislature additionally improves its consideration on abroad supported endeavors and builds up a well situation for venture to accomplish its objective of speculation fascination. By financial matters, from 2003 to 2010, GDP in China has expanded in general (genuine development rate appeared as the graph beneath) which implies the development in the expectation for everyday comforts. Additionally, this mirrors buy power has been improved. It recommends that customers can bear the cost of its items at sensible cost if Topshop go into Chinese. China GDP (indexmundi.com, 2010) In social, China is a nation with an enormous populace which implies numerous potential buyers for Topshop. What's more, it focuses aside from youthful, likewise incorporates white-apprehended laborers (Reuters, 2007). In China, they are both giving more consideration on design items and brands. It isn't hard for Topshop to be another concentration as an acclaimed worldwide brand. About advances, in China, E-business turns out to be increasingly more well known these days. In correlation, shopping on the web is progressively flawless in such a creating nation. It is simpler to set up its own system stage to publicize and sell items for Topshop. It is likewise a valuable method to draw in buyers. The hypothesis of Porters jewel (Worth based management.net, 2010) The four purpose of the jewel contributes towards worldwide accomplishment as the image appears (Henry, 2008). Factor conditions as China has huge populaces and have a low work costs. What's more, impeccable system it makes make it fruitful in business, particularly for selling. Requests conditions as different clients requests in China make Topshop to enhance and give a knowledge into future worldwide patterns for Topshop remain in a superior situation to abuse (Henry, 2008). To help out Chinese providers give Topshop the most savvy inputs and speaks with neighborhood providers can make Topshop to find out about new design highlights to shape new styles (Henry, 2008). The structure of Chinese market is unpredictable and staggered with an enormous and different interest (Xinhua, 2009 [Online]). With this component, it might function admirably in retailing enterprises. For Topshop, as a style retailer, it is driven by a need of in vogue and popular for giving items to fulfill needs as sortment which suit for current Chinese market (elegman.com, 2005 [Online]). Also, the existed solid contenders make pressures for Topshop to refresh to contend effectively (Henry, 2008). The hypothesis of Porters Five Forces www.anythingresearch.com The five powers as the image shows are utilized to investigate for evaluating the serious condition (Henry, 2008). The danger of new contestants relies upon passage boundaries and the response of existing contenders (Henry, 2008). For Topshop, if passage hindrances are high, the dangers of new contestants will be low. For instance, as a worldwide brand, Topshop as of now has a huge scope, somewhat, it can accomplish economies of scale to diminish its costs, acquire benefits with more grounded proclivity. At that point, if new participants without enough quality, it will be hard to section into the business and the dangers will be low for Topshop. Dealing intensity of purchasers, purchasers consistently need lower cost and more administrations and can foresee top notch (Henry, 2008).Topshop needs to face to the powers originate from purchasers, if items can not fulfill clients requests, they will discover different items to supplant which prompts the loss of clients. This asks Topshop to make items with sensible cost and high caliber. Dealing intensity of providers, in some cases the expenses of Topshop dependent on its providers. It is superfluous to stress over if Topshop has numerous providers since it has chance to pick one which can offer lower costs. Be that as it may, if less providers can give products and ventures to it, the benefits might be diminished as providers will request significant expenses and there is no space to pick. Danger of replacement, there are items and administrations can address comparative issues, if Topshop can't satisfy clients needs, particularly for value, they will pick another (Henry, 2008). It needs to under the weight and changes its cost for keeping up its clients and benefits. The force of contention, Zara is the nearest contender for Topshop as the comparable cost and items, so it needs to confront a solid rivalry. What's more, both them target youthful people. The opposition likewise is reflected to pick up clients. What makes China appealing to put resources into China keeps its stable political circumstance by serene turn of events and offers a great domain to pull in speculation of outside subsidized endeavors. What's more, an enormous number of populaces which recommends numerous potential clients make it appealing for Topshop to put resources into. In addition, it merits contributing as the demeanor for following the style is energetic and individuals likewise ready to spend on it (Reuters, 2007). In spite of the fact that it needs to confront the weight of rivalry, Topshop still can keep up its upper hand with sensible value, great structure and high caliber. Accessible market passage methodologies for Topshop: Sending out is one of passage mode techniques for Topshop as it can make products and ventures in UK and sells them in China. This technique gives a chance to Topshop to procure universal experience for diminishing its hazard presentation and asset responsibilities (Henry, 2008). Be that as it may, for Topshop, a popular universal brand, has e

Caines Arcade

Caine’s Arcade Caine is a 9 year old boy from East LA. His dad, George, runs a used auto parts store. It doesnt get much foot traffic anymore what business they do is done through eBay and so their storefront is mostly abandoned. Caine loves arcades. So last summer, while home on break, he began making arcade games out of cardboard. He made claw games and soccer games and all sorts of different games, rummaging for raw materials in the junk yard and the trash and in school recycling bins. But he never got any customers. One day, independent filmmaker Nirvan Mullick of Interconnected.is chanced to stop by the store to buy a handle for his old Corolla.  He started playing Caines games. Then he made a movie about him. Fair warning: wherever you happen to be, it will get real dusty real quick once you hit play. I thought about writing something kitschy and sappy here about doing whatever you want with your imagination, following your dreams, being creative, etc. But something that cute and pat I think does a disservice to the small miracle of beauty that is this movie and its star. I will, however, say that the Caines Arcade website is collecting donations for a college scholarship fund, should you, like me, be interested in seeing what Caine can do with an engineering degree.

An Analysis of Annette Sanfords Nobody Listens When I Talk

An Analysis of Annette Sanford’s â€Å"Nobody Listens When I Talk† Annette Sanford’s â€Å"Nobody Listens When I Talk† depicts a story of how a sixteen-year-old girl named Marilyn spends her summer. Marilyn sits on a swing all summer long, reading books and reminiscing about significant events from her past and present, as she attempts to figure out who she is as a person. From her understanding of what others think of her, she is an introverted and ambivalent person who is indifferent to the outside world. She doesn’t speak much, though she is adamant that she could if she wanted, because she believes that no one would listen to her even if she did. So instead, Marilyn lives in her head, attempting to discover who she is through her†¦show more content†¦. . glad to be sad. You are a riddle with hundreds of answers, a song with a thousand tunes.† In her mind, by not acknowledging her true self, she can be anyone and can do anything. However, this feeling of omnipotence is also her very downfall. She is presented with all these alternatives to become who she wants to be, but having these options appear to confuse her even more. Sadly, Marilyn fails to establish an identity or commit to a set of beliefs, and

Emergence of Anti-Semitism in Germany Toward the End of...

Emergence of Anti-Semitism in Germany Toward the End of the Weimar Republic There were many different factors that resulted in anti-Semitism emerging so strongly in Germany towards the end of the Weimar Republic. These factors included the instability of the economy during the reign of the Weimar Republic, the lingering anger over the way the Weimar Republic Governing Body had so easily accepted the Treaty of Versailles, and Germanys need for a great leader who would guide Germans to triumph. From the beginning the Weimar Republic was doomed, it being a republic that had been born out of a military defeat. One that so few Germans could accept. It was beset with many problems, leading†¦show more content†¦Perhaps if it hadnt collapsed then there is the possibility that Hitler might not have come to power. The Great Depression hit Germany hard because the well being of Germany depended on short-term loans from the United States. Once these loans were recalled, Germany was in chaos. Unemployment went from 8.5% to 21.9%. One in three of the working population in Germany was affected by the slump; and many more experienced fear of financial catastrophe and were on the verge of panic.[3] Compounding these effects of the depression were the drastic economic measure taken by Heinrich Bruning. Brunings budget cuts were designed to cause so much misery that the Allies would excuse Germany from reparation payments. But while the depression did just that, social discontent intensified to the point that Germany seemed on the verge of a civil war. During these times of desperation, voters were ready for extreme solutions and the Nazi Party exploited the situation. Nazi Propagandist Joseph Goebbels launched an extensive media campaign that ceaselessly expounded a few basic ideas until voters knew Hitlers Political program. The use of radio, posters and film shows captured the imagination of a disillusioned population and gave them fresh hope. An image was created of a powerful party with a strong leader. An image of a party, that would not let trivialityShow MoreRelatedThe Truth Behind The Collective Memory1298 Words   |  6 PagesJust after the end the First World War, a phenomenal fear emerged in many societies that prevalent chaos and struggle to restore peace in politics, economics and the society itself, was irrevocable consequence of men brutalized by the war cruelty. The hope that ‘war was to end war’ had been proven to be far from truth. Hence, it is ironic that the need to somehow legitimize war experience, created what George L. Mosse calls the Myth of the War Experience. This myth ‘looked upon the war as a meaningfulRead MoreThe Rise and Rule of Single-Party States7795 Words   |  32 PagesThe Rise and Rule of single-party States Contents1 The Rise and Rule of Single-party States * 1.1 The Emergence of single party states in Europe after 1917 * 1.2 China- Mao Zedong * 1.3 Italy- Benito Mussolini * 1.4 Germany- Adolf Hitler * 1.5 Russia- Josef Stalin * 1.6 Cuba- Fidel Castro | Introduction * The 20th century produced many single-party states. The origins, ideology, form of government, organization, nature, and impact of these should be studiedRead MorePaper Exam 2 History Ib9416 Words   |  38 Pagesproducing a potential civil conflict in mainland France due to disgruntled elements of the â€Å"colon† population in Algeria which, along with General Salan, helped bring down the Fourth Republic. Later, French military rebels (OAS) and those opposed to decolonization rejected metropolitan policies of de Gaulle’s Fifth Republic, leading to attempted seizure of power in Algeria and a terrorist campaign in mainland France itself. The immediate cause of the Gulf War was the Iraqi invasion and annexation ofRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesGuarneri 213 7 The Technopolitics of Cold War: Toward a Transregional Perspective †¢ Gabrielle Hecht and Paul N. Edwards 271 8 A Century of Environmental Transitions †¢ Richard P. Tucker 315 About the Contributors †¢ 343 _ IN TR OD UC TIO N Michael Adas B y any of the customary measures we deploy to demarcate historical epochs, the twentieth century does not appear to be a very coherent unit. The beginnings and ends of what we choose to call centuries are almostRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 Pagesof their lives. Existentialism asserts that â€Å"existence precedes essence,† which is in opposition to the classical doctrine that â€Å"essence precedes existence.† The claim â€Å"existence precedes essence† is a rejection of the idea that human nature has an end or goal. In this sense, humans are free to choose their own destiny.   * is a philosophical term which asserts that there is a distinction between essential and non-essential (contingent or accidental) characteristics of an object. Essentialism

Nursing Informatic Systems Free Essays

Just like other fields, the nursing profession is turning towards using computers for many areas of their daily tasks.   These areas include documentation, building an information database, and communication between shifts, departments, and even facilities.   A broad base of benefits come with nursing informatics, both in terms of direct and individual job performance and in terms of benefits to the nursing profession overall. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Informatic Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now    According to McCormick and Delaney (2004) â€Å"many reports† support computerizing nursing practices â€Å"in reducing medical errors and encourage implementation of evidence-based healthcare practice† (p. 4). One recommended format for informatic systems is that of bedside terminals.   McCormick and Delaney state that these easy-to-use systems have the benefits of care plan integration, eliminating data redundancy, and increased accessibility of data.   The authors also indicate that there are â€Å"soft benefits related to improvements in patients safety,† as well as in communication between nurses and smoother workflow between care providers (p. 4). A survey conducted by Lofstrom (2004) for the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) indicated that quality initiatives, including problem solving and patient care, were identified by 25% of the respondents as being among their top three job responsibilities (p. 4).   Many of the survey respondents also identified development and implementing informatics as part of their daily tasks (p. 8). These suggested uses and benefits all indicate that nursing informatics are becoming an integral part of the profession as a whole.   They benefit the individual nurse and his or her patients because they create simplified record keeping and record sharing.   However, they also benefit the profession as a whole because they encourage more consistency in nursing terminology.   Despite these benefits, however, most of the nursing informatic professionals responding to the survey were not responsible for patient care (p. 4). Nursing informatics have the potential for benefiting both nurses and their patients as they are integrated into current nursing systems.   Although the benefits they provide to patients might not be direct, they are present in terms of increased record-keeping clarity and increased patient safety. References Lofstrom, J. (2004).   2004 HIMSS Nursing Informatics Survey.   Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society.   http://www.himss.org/content/files/nursing_info_survey2004.pdf McCormick, K. and Delaney, C. (2004). Nursing informatics leadership response to President’s Information Technology Advisory Committee (PITAC) questions regarding â€Å"The New Healthcare: How Information Technology is Transforming America’s Health Care System.†Ã‚   http://www.allianceni.org/doc/PITACResponse.pdf       How to cite Nursing Informatic Systems, Essay examples

Critique of Picasso at the Lapin Agile Essay Example For Students

Critique of Picasso at the Lapin Agile Essay Mr.. Vase Critique of Picasso at the Lapin Agile Written by Steve Martin and directed by Brine Lang, Picasso at the Lapin Agile is a play located at the Lapin Agile, in Paris. Albert Einstein and Pablo Picasso, both young, headstrong and passionate, come together in a fictitious meeting devised in the comic mind of Steve Martin. Its bohemian Paris, at the turn of the century and everything has fallen quiet to listen to a conversation of exquisite topics. Does art matter? Can science touch the heart? Is beauty truly in the eye of the beholder? Did Einstein and Picasso really only excel in their chosen fields in order to get girls? With a little help from a mysterious, visitor from the future (based on order of appearance) these topics get debated in one of the best possible environments, the bar of the scurrying rabbit. Steve Martins sense of humor is very immense in size, based on the bars name. By calling it the Lapin Agile (meaning scurrying rabbit) Martin is foreshadowing an unattainable theme to his play. He has a great sense of humor by calling it this and is very organized throughout the play, by placing hints all throughout the play, about he message of his play. Freddy is the bar tender of the Lapin Agile and is set on stage directions. When Einstein walks in, he realizes something was off and he points out later that, In order of appearance. Youre not third. Youre fourth (11). By breaking that third wall between the audience and the play, Martin makes a very humorous act and allows one of his characters to use the play pamphlet to site the location of the casts order of appearance. With his successful attempt to achieve humor by breaking the wall between the audience and the actors, Martin can be understood to be triumphant at his attempts to create humor. Then, after Freddy citation to the cast in order of appearance, that wall between the actors and audience is set back in place. This is some funny stuff. When Einstein walked in, he spoke of meeting a woman, but he never told her the place where they were going to meet. This was Einstein theory that everything happens as an accident and that if something is bound to happen, it will no matter the place or the time. I happen to disagree with the statement because of the face that the world is big and time passes no matter what we are doing. Its hard to Just run into someone who you want to meet, without having a plan first. People these days are busy and they are not always where we think we are. As the play progresses, Germane, a waitress and Freddy girlfriend, speaks about two pieces of work being of the same value. This is a great point that Martin brings forth in his play. But expressing his feelings about how two pieces of work can be seen as one, it makes me thing of two things that are similar in genera, but different in style. I could only think of music. There are many different love songs out their and they are all pertaining to different kinds of people. But on the other hand, you have many songs that are popular. Is it popularity that is the decision maker in our minds or is it something else? This question is something martin brings forth a lot. Martin has a way of telling Jokes that I have never heard before. When the part comes about the foretelling of the future, Freddy and Germane predict some futuristic creations that they believe to lay ahead. Germane makes some precise predictions that have come true, but the people around her make fun of her and tell her that her thoughts are not real. .u2c19fb8c434d693d012b670936b07910 , .u2c19fb8c434d693d012b670936b07910 .postImageUrl , .u2c19fb8c434d693d012b670936b07910 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2c19fb8c434d693d012b670936b07910 , .u2c19fb8c434d693d012b670936b07910:hover , .u2c19fb8c434d693d012b670936b07910:visited , .u2c19fb8c434d693d012b670936b07910:active { border:0!important; } .u2c19fb8c434d693d012b670936b07910 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2c19fb8c434d693d012b670936b07910 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2c19fb8c434d693d012b670936b07910:active , .u2c19fb8c434d693d012b670936b07910:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2c19fb8c434d693d012b670936b07910 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2c19fb8c434d693d012b670936b07910 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2c19fb8c434d693d012b670936b07910 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2c19fb8c434d693d012b670936b07910 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2c19fb8c434d693d012b670936b07910:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2c19fb8c434d693d012b670936b07910 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2c19fb8c434d693d012b670936b07910 .u2c19fb8c434d693d012b670936b07910-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2c19fb8c434d693d012b670936b07910:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Analysis of Surrealism EssayOn the other hand, Freddy makes some predictions such as cloths being made of wax and the French being the almighty rower of Europe, and he is seen as the sane one. Martin is trying to point out that no matter how crazy the idea, it might come true because Germanys theory was seen as a crazy one, yet it came true. It makes me thing of what out future will hold!!! Will there be a possibility of Jet pack and robotic houses that clean them selves? Germanys ideas were crazy for her time and mine are the same, one never knows if their futuristic predictions will come true. Not only is martin good at making Jokes, he is good at conveying theories, through pieces of work that one would never believe had a deeper meaning than the surface crust. When Einstein and Picasso are having an argument between them about science and say they dont have the same meaning, martin is trying to express his feelings by say that both science and art are connected directly. You have to be an artist to be able to think of the vast universe and there is a science behind drawing a face. Its hard to believe that if youre good at science then you should be good at art as well and vice-a-versa. I still cant color for s*% even though I am good at science, I dont know how that works out! Later on in the play, Freddy tells a Joke that no one understands. Einstein tryst to interpret the Joke using, his talented scientific thinking, to the others, but many people still chose to choose their thoughts about it. This brings to me another idea that martin is trying to convey. He is saying that surrealism is interpreted differently to different people and no one answer is correct to a complex surreal question. Its based on the persons understanding to the concept and past experience with the topic on hand. So to me the Joke doesnt make any sense and I would replace the letter e with the letter O because pies are supposed to be circular and BIG. Later Freddy and Einstein have a debate about an icebox laughter. Based on their discussion, a laugh can happen at anytime. It could be that one didnt understand the Joke or moment and decided that it wasnt funny. Then later on, that person laughs about the topic and sometimes it happens without thought and wonder what it is you were laughing about. That has happens to me a lot of times. Later on in the play, another very funny aspect to martins play is his perception of Picasso as being a womanlier. Germanys assessment of the word womanlier very well fits Picasso character. Being a profound painter of the twentieth century, Picasso has his hands on many women, of different characteristics. He can have as many as he wants, whenever he wants, which is why Germanys remark of Picasso as being a womanlier is a correct one. I would have said that he is the kind of guy who can be described by the phrase, hit-it-and-quit-it. This man, is one of those who takes women for granted and will do one when he wants, Just to satisfy his lust and will forget about her the next day. What a guy. In my opinion, women should be cherished. They are better to deal with when theyre happy, which meaner you have to do less work to please them and they will make you happy as well. On the other hand, if one is to take advantage of women, then they will lose their trust and may lose them forever. That is something that I would never want to happen. As the play continues martin introduces many new ideas of his, one being the idea of how beautiful love is. .ufdd640adecabad21601d1d8685ac6f91 , .ufdd640adecabad21601d1d8685ac6f91 .postImageUrl , .ufdd640adecabad21601d1d8685ac6f91 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufdd640adecabad21601d1d8685ac6f91 , .ufdd640adecabad21601d1d8685ac6f91:hover , .ufdd640adecabad21601d1d8685ac6f91:visited , .ufdd640adecabad21601d1d8685ac6f91:active { border:0!important; } .ufdd640adecabad21601d1d8685ac6f91 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufdd640adecabad21601d1d8685ac6f91 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufdd640adecabad21601d1d8685ac6f91:active , .ufdd640adecabad21601d1d8685ac6f91:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufdd640adecabad21601d1d8685ac6f91 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufdd640adecabad21601d1d8685ac6f91 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufdd640adecabad21601d1d8685ac6f91 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufdd640adecabad21601d1d8685ac6f91 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufdd640adecabad21601d1d8685ac6f91:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufdd640adecabad21601d1d8685ac6f91 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufdd640adecabad21601d1d8685ac6f91 .ufdd640adecabad21601d1d8685ac6f91-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufdd640adecabad21601d1d8685ac6f91:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Critique of Gone to Soldiers by Marge Piercy EssayPicasso says he would give it all up if could sing songs about love. No more paints or more brushes Just the moonlight, the June light, and you (66). By being able to sing, people have the ability to touch your souls. They sing a song that are related to the public and thats how they touch people. Another season why Picasso might want to become a singer, if he could, is because it makes people dance, enjoy them selves, and sing to the beat. Best of all, it captures a lot more attention than paintings and more people can relate to song, rather than paintings. A moment of perfection is something that everyone wants to feel, a time when everything feels like its perfect and that nothing can make you feel bad. Picasso had his moment of perfection, when he saw the painting that was revealed by the visitor. The painting made him have a moment of perfection, where nothing else mattered but the painting. Hard to know when its happened till its over (72). Moments of perfection are times when you feel like you would do anything to stay and be with the person youre with or to continue a special task of yours, will it satisfies your mind. At the end of the play they are all giving a toast to the new century and Germane stays with Freddy. Its funny how martin leaves Germane with Freddy and doesnt hook her up with Picasso. I guess he is trying to convey the way we should treat women again. He first states this in Germanys comment of Picasso as being a womanlier. By leaving Freddy and Germane together, martin is conveying the Hough that you dont have to be a rich famous person to be with someone, you Just have to be gentle and considerate. He also tries to get across the thought that we shouldnt treat women any different than we treat ourselves. WOW, what a message! Only a guy like Steve Martin would be able to present such a complex misunderstanding in real terms, with a comical piece of literature. For a guy who used to make a living with fake arrows through his head, a great play. The complex idea within the simple short play is a great way to catch the publics eyes and attention. Great Job STEVE!

Modern marketing approach

Introduction This paper supports the statement â€Å"the product/service dichotomy in marketing theory is no longer sustainable.† The present day marketing approach is a result of the many revolutions and changes that come about in marketing as a result of increased competition.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Modern marketing approach specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Modern marketing approach emphasizes â€Å"cost leadership, differentiation and focus† (Baker and Saren, 2010) The cost leadership attribute entails the product cost advantage of the product in relation to existing products in the market. Differentiation emphasizes creation of products with unique qualities that gives it an edge over the other products in the market. Focus on the other hand implies targeting particular market niches either based on age demographics, lifestyle geographic locations or any other appropriate attributes. Pr oduct/Service Dichotomy Product manufacturers often endeavor to achieve customer fidelity by delivering to them goods that satisfy their needs. This has led to the development of the â€Å"product/service mix† as pointed out by Baker and Saren (2010) in this scenario, service as a facet of the mix has continually been growing its importance. Technology and globalization have played a pivotal role in enabling different service providers reach out to the dispersed customers. Web applications for example, powered by the internet enables service providers to serve customers at any point. The earlier marketing approaches placed emphasis on the value within the product, which were always produced and distributed to the wider market. Because the value of the product was seen to be within the product, producers did not have to convince the buyer or persuade them the buy the product. The marketing practice therefore comprised distribution of the products to the â€Å"waiting† c onsumer. The services marketing is said to have come in lime light during the 70s (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2000). The services’ marketing was uniquely packaged to center on individual services and making it different from the traditional goods marketing. There was a visible difference between manufactured goods and services in the sense that goods are tangible and can be felt whereas services are not.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Continuous market dynamics and technological advances have seen manufacturers shift from the old method of manufacturing for a speculated market to a situation where they accurately predict the customers needs and respond to them appropriately. By addressing the customers’ needs, manufacturers aim at creating customer dependency to their products and are assured of them buying. This process calls for the need to carry out a feasibility study well in advance to establish what the customer needs and then customizing the products to feed the customers’ needs (Baker and Saren, 2010) Manufacturing companies have come with different ways of customizing products to fit individual needs; this can either be through use of colours that are synonymous to a certain group or tags that can be identified with a target market. The books sector is a good example where customers have widely applied the strategy of â€Å"product personalization† by providing them with unique names (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2000). High levels of competition and technological advancements have consistently pushed manufacturers and service providers into a need to pay more attention to the customer. They have been forced to categorize customers and strive to satisfy each customer’s unique need. There is a growing â€Å"perception that goods and service are similar,† this as pointed out by Lusch and Varg (2006) is as a â€Å"re sult of co-production.† The shift towards the notion that goods and services are similar has led to studies into the need for customer integration. Researchers on the subject-customer integration have often pointed out that the process allows customers to take part in adding value to the products. Through customer integration, Lusch, and Varg (2006) argues that three levels of serving the customer; â€Å"the facilities level, transformation and utilities.† The practice also enhances decision making, value addition and resource utilization. The support structure for the three levels of service provision is usually founded on the difference between â€Å"direct and indirect service provision.† In this framework, the resources service provision level brings integration when there is an exchange between a company and the customer (Lusch and Varg 2006). The structure also helps in identifying who between the customer and the service company is responsible for the expr ess and circuitous provision of services.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Modern marketing approach specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At the decisions level, the support framework indicates that there is a relationship between the company and the customer at the point of making a decision. The value addition stage of value provision on the other hand indicates that customers and service companies collaborate in service provision. Niche Targeting Most recent marketing strategies target particular groups of people classified either according to age, gender, social status or job. Marketing attempts directing towards the youth for example are more frequent as a contemporary marketing approach. In this case, the marketing team studies the bahavor of its target market and develops a product that is customized to fit the needs of the chosen niche. This is common for example with the fashion companies, mobile phone manuf acturers and mobile service providers. Increase in the number of firms engaged in the production of similar goods or provision of similar services is responsible for the increased competition. Each organization strives to attain levels of competitive advantages over the others. Michael Porter formulated three important strategies which business organizations can use to gain competitive advantage; he points out â€Å"cost leadership, differentiation and focus† (Zeithaml, etal., 2005). As the main strategies for attaining competitive advantage. Current marketing strategies seem to have outgrown Porters’ strategies The modern marketing strategies emphasize the need for market segmentation as opposed to Porters’ three strategies alone. In the old days, price and product sophistication was used as a strategy to create market segments. Product pricing often meant that the product is affordable to a particular group of people by default and not some. Depending on the l evel of sophistication, a product would by default of preference to a particular social class. This type of strategy requires a substantial amount of promotional effort which results in a product that serves a narrow market segment rather than the mass market. The approach to niche marketing in the present day scenario requires inclusion to ensure sustainability. This means the modern approach to niche marketing is more focused to unique abilities and talents among people rather than in the different categories of people.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The unique abilities and skills may lie in the type of technology used by the organization or the unique talents among the organization’s manpower. (Palmer, 1997) points out the strategy that Apple Company has been using to make its i-products stand out of the competition as a typical example of this. The Dynamics of the Niche Market Niche markets are often very vibrant and keep on evolving with time. An organization can capture a niche and own it for time and loose it to other competitors in the field with time. Schiffman and Kanuk (2000) points out that shopping malls were niche markets for quite some time, he observes the changes that have occurred since then exposed malls to stiff competition. The same scenario is said to have happened to watch brands such as; Dual time. Changes in lifestyle, technology taste and preference among consumers contribute to the frequent shifts in the niche market. One would observe that what is considered fashionable within a given niche may not last long as other products keep on being launched into the market. Goods meant for niche marketing are often tailored to some technology and marketing procedure that fits the desired niche. The market usually begins with a boom but is filled up with competitors with time. This means that if an organization is to focus on niche marketing, then it must develop the most innovative strategies and be ready to continuously evolve and seek new niches for its products. Focus to a particular niche requires robust support in terms of resource but it does not necessarily translate into large revenue output. It is therefore not advisable for a particular firm to target niche marketing as a sole strategy for its product line. There is need to diversify into other strategies to cushion the organization from diverse effects of niche marketing incase of poor performance (Zeithaml, etal., 2005). Such an organization must also invest in developing right talents that can formulate and put into op erations appropriate strategies to achieve success. A niche in this case can not be looked at as a marketing strategy, rather it is a process resulting from an organizations’ proficiency in producing products that appeal to a particular group of people (Gilmore, 2003). Attaining sustainability in this course requires continuous innovation both in marketing skills and product development. Inclusive networking and sourcing ideas globally stands out as one of the strategies to successfully run a niche market. Niche marketing must strive to uniquely package products and invest in efficient manufacturing processes, cost effective distribution channels and adopt different marketing strategies. Technology serves as a major pillar in attaining the mentioned attributes. Technologically supported manufacturing, distribution and marketing helps in cutting down on cost and achieving high profit margins. Computer aided manufacturing and computer aided design are the key technological tool s that have helped in increasing manufacturing precision, reducing wastage and developing goods that suit the customers taste and needs. In supply chain, technological tools such as; RFID and EDI play an important role in speeding up the process and eliminating errors in the supply chain (Pasuraman and Berry, 2004). Leadership and sustainability in niche market is squarely based on the profitability of the strategy used. In order to attain leadership, there is needs a sound strategy that serves the whole market. This requires that an organization can be able to serve the market with as many products as possible at a minimum cost Pasuraman and Berry (2004) indicates that there is need to pursue â€Å"scale, scope and niche in a single business model in order to attain leadership in niche marketing.† Product/service dichotomy hampers development of marketing strategies The idea of creating a division between the approaches to service and product marketing makes it hard to devel op successful marketing strategies. Marketing of consumer and industrial services ought to be treated as one to allow the use of similar strategies in either. Often those who support the division of the product and services stress on differences in terms of the structure, marketing approach, response to environmental pressure and their markets. On the other hand, those opposed to this argument feel the dichotomy approach falls short in reality in the sense that; products and service marketing are similar. The only difference as pointed out by Rathmall (1974) could be in terms of the sizes of the companies involved. Division of marketing for products and services is often used as the platform for developing marketing theory and their application. Here, the dichotomy serves as a guide for developing distinct marketing actions tailored to particular products, enterprises and market divisions. Service marketing tends to target the final consumer as opposed to industrial product marketin g that targets buyers within the supply chain. Probably according to Rathmall (1974) this is what describes the difference between the two as far as marketing entails. Environment and company size are the main distinctions in product and service dichotomy. Environmental influences which undermine marketing efforts such as infrastructure can be a basis for differences between product and service marketing. Company size dictates the amount of resources available for investing in the marketing. Amount of resources available for marketing puts different platforms as far as marketing of products and services concerns. The Size of the Firm vs. Marketing Activities Most small firms often use contemporary marketing approaches building it both on the relational and transactional marketing theories. This brings on the same platform the marketing practice adapted by both small enterprises and the big ones. Traditionally, only the big firms used the transactional and relational marketing theori es to develop marketing strategies for their products. The size of an enterprise plays an important role in the manner in which the enterprise plans its marketing. Often, small enterprises adopt informal type of marketing plans unlike large enterprises which formulate formal marketing plans. Generally, there are several similarities between the informal and formal marketing plans adopted by small and large enterprises. There are wide similarities between in how the marketing decisions are developed and implemented. The general decision making strategies are used by both the small and large enterprises to develop marketing decisions. Another similarity is exhibited in customer relations duration anticipated by both product and service providers. They all aim at developing a sustainable customer relation, to achieve this; a lot of emphasis is placed on effective customer relations. Another similarity between small and large enterprises lies in the manner in which they develop and keep their customer contacts. Right from the first transaction with the customer, both large and small enterprises seek to keep the contacts of the customer for purposes of future communication and interaction. Enterprises often have a database of customers to act as a reference to track the customers buying behavior. Marketing as a process requires an investment to enable logistical procedures and planning. The only difference regarding investment in marketing is reflected in the budget but both the product enterprises and service enterprises must invest in marketing. It has also been noted that both small and large enterprises practice some aspects of traditional marketing. The problem of using traditional marketing approaches often has been lack of compatibility with the modern environment and customer behavior. Generally, by small enterprises adopting broad marketing strategies, they reduce the marketing distinctions between them and large enterprises. Small enterprises are continuo usly emphasizing investment of financial resources, time and effort in the development of personal relationships with the customers and raising their competitive levels in the market. Relational marketing provides an effective strategy for small firms to be as competitive as large firms. By enhancing the use of traditional marketing strategies, small firms can create a stable base from which they can strengthen their customer relations and be in a better position to compete the large firms. Planning and performance evaluation is another area that brings out more similarities between large and small enterprises’ marketing strategies. As pointed out earlier, small enterprises adopt a rather informal marketing plan, modern small business managers are increasingly coming to the realization of the need to adopt formal marketing plans to compete effectively with large firms. Another implication from marketing planning is that there is no empirical support of planning to performance in marketing. Palmer (1997) argues that whether a firm large or small adopts a formal plan, the difference might only be in the structure of the marketing approach but not necessarily in performance. Since evaluation of a marketing plan rates performance, planning may not be a strong factor as such. Firms should rate their marketing performance majorly from the customers’ response as well as their feedback. Marketing in the Service Industry Service industries, like industrial companies must constantly revolutionize their marketing strategies to put themselves in strategic positions in relation to the customers. There is in fact a higher need of growth and development in the service industry than in industrial markets. The major challenge in the service industry as pointed out by Palmer (1997) is the continuous fluctuation of overheads. The service sector became a prominent part of the economy towards the end of the twentieth century and has continued to play an important rol e in supporting economies. The sector continues to be a major source of employment, and therefore an excellent need for the services to be looked as importantly as the goods industry. Taking the service industry with the same weight as the goods industry should then be translated to the marketing approaches and strategies applied in both industries. Distinction of marketing strategies between goods and service industries would mean lead to making ineffective the traditional marketing strategies that have been existence for long. This is because the service industry as indicated earlier is a new venture in the world. Compared to goods industry which has been in existence for several years, with already established marketing strategies, it is important that the service marketing industry. Service purchase involves dealings which unlike the goods industry do not lead to material ownership. Since the emergence of the services industry, marketing of its products has been continually chan ging to take the same line as the products industry. The 4ps model of marketing has often been cited as inadequate in selling services Gronroos (1990) proposes an enrichment factor to this model in order to suit the service industry; â€Å"process and the participants should also be added to the list to make it effective as a services marketing tool. Time and speed are two other important elements of service marketing as pointed out by Palmer (1997) customers always make a repeat order for services from a provider that guarantees maximum effectiveness, efficiency and also delivers to the promise. The marketing speed is however an element that is controlled solely by the marketers. Services in which speed is important include; the food industry due to its perishable nature, transport service is another sector where speed of service delivery matters a lot. Integration of Product and Service Marketing Services do not have tangibility as opposed to goods, goods have evidence. Gronroos (1990) points out that â€Å"some pieces of evidence bundled with services can not be categorized as a true element.† However, service evidence as pointed with plays an important role in the fulfillment of the service. Customers use service evidence to appraise the performance of the service provider. Evidence in the service provision process helps minimize risks and gives the customer more confidence to purchase the service. Besides, evidence also helps to distinguish one service from another. Providing Evidence in Service Marketing Dichotomy is often used as evidence by service providers, â€Å"the quality of the product that accompanies the service they receive† (Bell, 1973) this includes the cost of equipment used to provide the service. Taking an example of a lodging or restaurant, cheap lodging or restaurant equipment implies poor service and expensive equipments on the other hand translates to classy services. This fact is used to differentiate service providers in terms of quality. Branding is also used as evidence in service provision. Borden (1965) points out that â€Å"service branding makes the product acceptable.† Once a service provider brands a service and runs a campaign to make it popular, customers develop more confidence in the service. A popular brand develops the customers’ confidence and reduces their perception of underlying financial risks in buying the service. The brand acts as evidence to what the customer can not feel or touch. Customers develop strong confidence in popular brands and buy them with same ease as a visible product. Branding consists of two stages; primary and secondary. The primary state consists of tangible evidence about the product which as earlier mentions lacks in services. Bell (1973) suggests that â€Å"the name of the service provider can be used as a primary brand.† The secondary brand then follows on the description given to the service. Companies distributing strong brands in the markets stand out of the rest because of the brand name. The environment in which the service is used can also serve as evidence for the service. Marketers can rely on this factor, to market the service as easily as they can to a product. The environment in which a product is used gives an opportunity for a marketer to create a mental picture of the service to the potential buyer. Borden (1965) indicates that a marketer out to create awareness of services provided by an amusement park can use words like â€Å"fun filled or enjoyment place† to create a mental picture about the park to the customer. The marketing message is another sort of evidence marketers in the contemporary world use to convince consumers about the service. Besides the message, customers are also given some incentives to lure them to the service. Mobile phone service providers for example promise free call time or launch a competition in which users of the service stand a chance to win some gifts. T his strategy is one of the best that marketers have focused on to convince consumers to use their services. This is described by Assael (1987) as the â€Å"power of communication† in which a market tends to glorify the service to the consumer. Along the same vein, the media has become a prominent tool with which marketers use to spread their service messages to the consumer. Service structure is another important tool for marketers, service marketers need to create structures which they can use to appeal and convince the customer why he or she should use the service. These structures could be in form of the tools that the service provider uses to deliver the service. Assael (1987) suggests that an air transport service provider can flaunt to the customer about the best airplanes in the company possession. With this structure, a marketer can make the customer imagine how good it is to use the service. By seeing the best rated airplane for example, a customer can be convinced t hat the service provided will be classy. Conclusion This paper has demonstrated that the product service dichotomy is increasingly loosing popularity in the modern business world. Although seen as a step towards the creation of market segments for products and service. Creating a distinction between products and services for the purposes of marketing is increasingly becoming a thing of the past as market researches continue pouring new approaches to integrate service and product marketing. References Assael, H., 1987. Consumer Behavior and Marketing Action. Boston: Kent Publishing Company. Baker, M. and Saren, M. 2010. Marketing Theory: a Student Text. London: Sage Publications. Bell, D., 1973. The Coming of the Post-Industrial Society. New York: Basic Books. Borden, N. H., 1965. The Concept of the Marketing mix. New York: John Wiley Sons. Gilmore, A., 2003.Services marketing and management. London: Sage Publications Gronroos, C., 1990.Services Management and Marketing. New York: L exington Lusch, R. F. and Varg, S. L., 2006. Theservice-dominant logic of marketing: dialog, debate, and directions. New York: M. E. Sharpe, Inc., Palmer, A., 1997. Principles of Service Marketing.London: McGraw Hill. Pasuraman, A. and Berry, L. 2004. Marketing Services: Competing Through Quality.New York: Simon Schuster Rathmall, J. M., 1974. Marketing in the Service Sector. Massachusetts: Winthrop Publishers, Inc Schiffman, L. and Kanuk. L. L., 2000. Consumer Behavior. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Zeithaml, V. A. etal., 2005. Services Marketing: Integrating Customer Focus across the Firm. London: McGraw-Hill. This essay on Modern marketing approach was written and submitted by user Emmett Hewitt to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Thesis Format

Thesis Format Thesis Format Thesis Format Headlines help organize your thesis format more effectively. Headlines help you choose an appropriate thesis format.   Thesis format is not set; it is very flexible and can be changed in the process of thesis writing.   The sequence of headings, in turn, establishes the development of the argument throughout the thesis. There are many levels of headings and there is uniform rule to use.   However, you should keep in that your thesis dissertation writing should have at least some consistency.   Generally, chapter titles are marked as 'Heading 1' (perhaps upper-case, bold, and centered), the main ideas of each chapter are marked as 'Heading 2' (perhaps title case, bold, and left aligned) and sub-headings are marked as 'Heading 3' (perhaps italic and left-aligned). The greatest prominence is given to the most important headings, using combinations of capital letters (upper case), centering, and bolding. When you are working on a thesis chapter of 10,000 words, it can become difficult to check whether there is an overall consistent flow in what you are writing. For example, material on page 19 might follow material on page 3 more logically, but (unless you are continually re-reading the whole thesis and concentrating carefully) you might miss an overlap or lack of logical flow. An excellent way to check the flow of a thesis chapter is to check the headings. Outline view is invaluable when you are working on large documents such as thesis writing with multiple headings. Writing a thesis is a complex work, and if you have no possibility to write a thesis, you can take advantages of custom thesis services. Thesis Format Tips We advise you to spend some time talking with your tutor over requirements and expectations.   Thesis dissertation writing is a very large project and you definitely want to make it right.   It is a challenge as well as an opportunity to produce an original and interesting piece of writing.   Your thesis paper might determine your career choice and even shape the professional growth.   Do not miss an opportunity to get professional assistance with your thesis writing. .com You are welcome to order custom thesis writing service at our site.   Years of writing and editing experience give us confidence to promise qualitative assistance.   We can write a good thesis for you.   You will not regret placing an order at our site because we fulfill all of our promises!   Free plagiarism report and unlimited revisions upon request!

History of HRM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History of HRM - Assignment Example Cropping up of trade unions came at this exact time. The welfare of workers was addressed in these trade unions. This prompted the performing functions of human resource. This paper will review some of the factors that enable managers to control, and coordinate their workers. At some point in time, the only jobs that were available were low-paying. One example includes sweeping. It was common to see people doing odd jobs to survive. However, as time went by, the introduction and advancement of education enabled the rise of many people in the working industry. This advancement led to the creation of job opportunities that created a broader working fraternity. The workforce shifts have ensured this evolution grows. Creation of high-paying jobs continues with the social scene changing almost every day (Joy-Matthews & Megginson, 2004). Technology became a part of these workforce shifts. As seen recently, everyone relies on technology to perform the basic functions in an organization. To continue working in these organizations, one must be technology savvy. It is next to impossible to find an organization that does not have a human resource management team (Joy-Matthews & Megginson, 2004). After the introduction, development, and evolution of the workers’ welfare associations, employed individuals know of their rights in the working environment. The workforce shifts enable human resource managers to be more informed about their working environments. The implications created due to these shifts enable them to perform better. This is because they are accountable for the working individuals that enable the organization to grow. They have to be educated on the roles they play towards employers and their employees (Joy-Matthews & Megginson, 2004). This improves the relations that exist between members of the organization. The outside environment also changes with a change in worker treatment. It changes for the better since

The Bill Clinton Years in the White House Research Paper

The Bill Clinton Years in the White House - Research Paper Example The New Democrats championed for smaller governments as well as welfare reform and had support from Republicans and Democrats. Moreover, Americans attribute his policies to a centrist Third Way philosophy of power. His charm and power to pull people to his side enabled him to achieve his dream of guiding America to prosperity through the promotion of peace and introducing laws that changed America. Bibliography Clinton was born in 1946 of William Jefferson Blythe, Jr. and Virginia Dell Cassidy (Clinton, 3). His father died in an automobile accident when Virginia was 6 months pregnant. His mother left him under the care of his grandparents in order to study nursing. Virginia later remarried to Roger Clinton, a brother to her late husband. Roger was an alcoholic and gambler who frequently behaved violently to his mother and stepbrother. At times, he came to the defense of the mother when his stepfather abused her. Despite such treatment, he adopted his stepfathers’ name, Clinton as a sign of gesture to him. He grew up in Arkansas where he became a skilled musician, rugby player as well as a student leader at Georgetown University. Moreover, Clinton forms part of alumni of Georgetown University and became an associate of Kappa Kappa Psi and Phi Beta Kappa where he earned a scholarship to the University of Oxford (Clinton, 7). Despite having a passion for medicine, he never achieved it but instead opted to study law at Yale Law School. Furthermore, he is married to Hillary Clinton who has served as US Secretary of State since 2009 and a former New York Senator from 2009 – 2009. The Clintons met and dated at Yale Law School where they received their law degrees. The couple has one child, Chelsea. She has been a source of happiness and hope in their lives. He is a Christian and a Baptist. His major achievement as Governor of Arkansas was the overhaul of the education system, which led to increased performance and accountability. He also became Chair of the National Governors Association (Clinton, 15) Achievements Clinton became USA president after defeating the incumbent president George H. W Bush. He rode on the wave of economic growth to power since the incumbent had performed dismally in promoting economic growth. During his years as president, he reigned over the longest era of peacetime economic growth and development (IMDb, 1). During his era, peace was paramount and this provided a favorable environment for economic expansion. This resulted in growth and expansion of the US economy after poor performance under his predecessor George H. W. Bush. Moreover, he assented into law The North American Free Trade Agreement that expanded the US trade market and partners. This contributed to the economic boom since US products recorded massive sales as well as the provision of a favorable business environment (IMDb, 1). Therefore, US traders experienced minimal problems concerning trade policies and regulations with the North American trade partners. Immediately after being inaugurated as president, Clinton accented to the Family and Medical Leave Act, 1963. The law provided for employers to give employees unpaid leave for serious medical condition or pregnancy (Joseph, 12). This Act was signed and got a majority public approval since it helped many people to pay bills and meet other expenses while not on work. Through the Act, Clinton helped reduced financial problems and constraints experienced by the sick or pregnant women and thus, considered the best president.

Resource Based View in Business Management

Resource Based View in Business Management Introduction The resource-based view is defined as a business management tool utilized to know the strategic resources available to firm. The basic principle of the resource based value is that the basis for a competitive advantage of a company lies primarily in the application of the group of valuable resources at the firms disposal. In order to change a short-run competitive advantage into a maintained competitive advantage requires that these resources are heterogeneous in nature and not perfectly mobile. In other words, this will change into valuable resources that either perfectly imitable or substitutable without great effort. If these conditions are remained, the companys group of resources can help the firm sustaining above average returns. The recent dominant view of corporate strategy resource-based theory or resource-based view (RBV) of company is based on the theory of economic rent and the view of the company as a collection of capabilities. This view of strategy has a coherence and integrative role that puts it well ahead of other mechanisms of strategic decision making. The olden strategy models such as Michael Porters five forces model concentrates on the firms external competitive environment. Most of them do not try to look inside the firm. Instead, the resource-based perspective shows the need for a fit among the external market context in which a firm works and its internal capabilities. In contrast to the Input / Output Model (I/O model), the resource-based view is grounded in the perspective that a companys internal environment, in terms of its resources and capabilities, is more crucial to the determination of strategic action compared to the external environment. The resource based view suggest that a companys rare resources and capabilities give the basis for a strategy instead of concentrating on the accumulation of resources necessary to implement the strategy dictated by conditions and constraints in the external environment (I/O model). The business strategy chosen should enable the company to best use its core competencies relative to chances in the external environment. The resource-based view of the firm might be useful to the field of strategic management. The big benefit of this theory was it motivated a dialogue between scholars from a lot of perspectives, which they described as good conversation. From then onwards, the strengths and weaknesses of the resource based view have been vigorously argued in strategic management and other management disciplines. There are lesser discussions regarding the resource based view done in the field of information systems. The resource based view is used in the information system field on a few occasions, yet there is no effort up to date to comprehensive evaluates their weaknesses and strengths. The resource-based view also stands that companies possess resources, a subset which allows them to reach competitive advantage and later on giving them long term superior performance. Many studies of performance from company using the resource based view have found differences within the industries. This recommends that the effects of individual, firm-specific resources on performance can be crucial. Valuable and rare resources and whose benefits can be sorted by the owning (or controlling) company giving it with a temporary competitive advantage. That strength can be maintained over longer time periods to the extent that the company can protect against resource imitation, transfer, or substitution. In other words, empirical studies using the theory have strongly supported the resource-based view. One of the key challenges of resource based view related is to understand the meaning of resource. Many people are interested in the resource based view and utilized a few different concepts to speak about a companys resources. This includes assets, stocks, competencies and skills. Such proliferation of terms is a problem for research utilizing resource based view because it is usually not clear what the researchers mean by key terminology. To make things simple, it is better to clarify the terms in a relevant way. Together, assets and capabilities define the set of resources available to the firm. Assets mean anything intangible or tangible that the firm can utilize for producing and creating in its process to a market. Assets can be taken as a input or output of a process. It can also be tangible and intangible. In other words, capabilities change inputs into outputs of greater worth. Capabilities includes processes and skills. Since years ago, there are big collections of contributions in the areas of strategic management and economics which find to change the term of resource based view or utilize it as a framework to solve empirical questions. Meanwhile, the basic propositions of resource based view have increased explained. In summary, the initial contribution of the RBV of the company to date has been as a concept of competitive advantage. The start is with an assumption which the wanted outcome of managerial effort within the company is sustainable competitive advantage. Achieving such a level enables the company to earn economic rents instead. This also concentrates on how the company achieve and maintain advantages. The resource based view argues that the answer to such question stays in the possession of important resources which have certain characteristics like barriers to duplication and value. A SCA can be achieved if the company effectively uses the resources in its product markets. Resource b ased view focuses the strategic choice, charging the companys management with the crucial tasks of developing, identifying and utilizing important resources to maximize returns. The resource based view will be discussed later in the following paragraphs and also followed by a conclusion. Article 1 Corporate Social Responsibility: A Resource-Based View of the Firm Mehdi Taghian, Deakin University This section reviews the application of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) as an intangible dynamic resource, its application in the formulation of marketing strategies and its association with business performance, using the theoretical framework of resource-based view of the firm (RBV). CSR focuses on what is termed the triple bottom line people, planet, profit (Capaldi, 2005). Supporters of CSR believe that it is compatible with the traditional goals of a business and in fact can enhance a business. These supporters assert that CSR must become an integral part of the wealth creation process. Therefore, if CSR is managed properly, it should enhance business competitiveness and maximize wealth creation value to society. Also, when the economy is facing challenging times like now, there is greater not lesser need to practice CSR. The benefits of CSR will be discussed in detail in subsequent paragraphs. CSR initiatives can be in many forms, depending on the company. Some focus solely on environmental issues but there is a move towards community-based development projects (Tench et al, 2007). These projects perform a variety of functions for people in rural areas such as providing education for children and equipping adults with job skills. Other CSR initiatives occur in the form of providing healthcare and awareness of diseases such as AIDS and malaria. Based on these companies annual reports and other publications, such initiatives seem to be successful (Vernon and Mackenzie, 2008). Therefore, companies are encouraged to embrace CSR to fulfil their roles as good corporate citizens. Even though governments have not enacted legislature compelling businesses to embrace CSR, the accounting fraternity has taken the lead by instituting accounting standards and guidelines that compel MNCs to adopt some aspects of CSR. The guidelines are on environmental and sustainable reporting and demonstrate how acting green can be incorporated into a companys accounting system (ODwyer, 2003). Some of the more notable guidelines and standards promoting CSR are AccountAbilitys AA1000 standard, Social Accountability Internationals SA8000 standard, ISO14000 Environmental Management Standard and Global Reporting Initiatives Sustainable Reporting Guidelines. These standards and others have increased the awareness among accountants for the need for good CSR and sustainable reporting. Stakeholder Theory The stakeholder theory considers the impact of expectations of the different stakeholder groups to determine CSR. This is expressed by Drucker in his views on business ethics in that management is ultimately responsible to itself and society at large. These sentiments were re-echoed later by Freeman (1984, cited in Enquist et al, 2006) who said it was not just a matter of social responsibility or business ethics, but ultimately the very survival of the company hinges on it. Stakeholders are groups from whom the organization has voluntarily accepted benefits, and to whom the organization has therefore incurred obligations of fairness (Galbreath, 2009). A firms traditional stakeholders are its shareholders, employees, creditors, customers and the government. However, the scope has been expanded in recent years to include non-governmental organizations and the community as a whole. CSR is utilized as a management tool for managing the information needs of the various powerful stakeholder groups and managers use CSR to manage or influence the most powerful stakeholders in order to gain their support which is vital for survival (Freeman et al, 200, cited in Gyves and OHiggins, 2008). The key issue here is identifying the concerns of the various stakeholder groups which are often different, and how to satisfy them. Hence, the corporation is driven to act in a more ethical manner to avoid antagonizing powerful stakeholders. Scholars have cited five major strategic responses to institutional pressure for CSR, which range from the timid to the hostile. The first strategy is to acquiesce, which is to accept CSR values, norms and rules for the organization. The second approach is to compromise by partially conforming to CSR requirements while modifying it to suit organizational needs. The third strategy is to avoid or resist all CSR initiatives while the fourth method is a more active form of resistance to CSR initiatives through outright defiance. The final approach is by manipulation, which is by attempting to change global CSR standards. As can be expected, the last approach can only be employed by the largest and most powerful corporations. Furthermore, a CSR strategy can be considered as a core intangible dynamic resource within the resource-based view of the firm (RVB). It can provide a general framework for decisions regarding the design and adoption of other organisational resources that collectively characterise their marketing approach and direction. Article 2 The resource-based view of the firm: Ten years after 1991.(Technical) Ten years ago, Jay Barney edited a special forum in this journal on the Resource-Based View of the Firm (Barney, 1991). In his article in the special issue, Barney argued that sustained competitive advantage derives from the resources and capabilities a firm controls that are valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable, and not substitutable. These resources and capabilities can be viewed as bundles of tangible and intangible assets, including a firms management skills, its organizational processes and routines, and the information and knowledge it controls. In the intervening decade, the diffusion of the resource-based view (RBV) in strategic management and related disciplines has been both dramatic and controversial and has involved considerable theoretical development and empirical testing. As such, it seemed timely to organize a new special issue that attempts to assess the past contributions of the RBV as well as presenting forward-looking extensions. Barneys 1991 article was positioned relative to the structure-conduct-performance (SCP) paradigm in economics. Revisiting this article, Barney (2001a) discusses the implications of linking the RBV to the neoclassical microeconomics and evolutionary economics literatures. Situating the RBV in relation to neoclassical microeconomics would have helped address issues concerning whether or not equilibrium analysis can be applied in resource-based analyses, whether the RBV is tautological, and identification of attributes of resources and capabilities that lead them to be inelastic in supply. Positioning the RBV against evolutionary economics would have helped develop arguments concerning how routines and capabilities change over time. Barney points out that all three perspectives have been developed over the last decade and provide a body of related yet distinct resource-based theoretical tools that can be applied in different ways in different contexts. Mahoney (2001) revisits Conners (1991) paper to provide an alternative perspective on the similarities and distinctions between RBV and transaction cost economics (TCE), questioning Conners argument that the fundamental difference is that the former focuses on the deployment and combination of specific inputs while the latter focuses on the avoidance of opportunism. Mahoney argues that to continue to develop the RBV with the assumption of no opportunism ignores key issues. With opportunism, the presence of the firm facilitates superior knowledge transplantation relative to the market because of superior coding, better control of opportunistic behavior due to the authority relationship and superior information. RBV and TCE are viewed as complementary because the former is a theory of firm rents whereas the latter is a theory of the existence of the firm. The set of market frictions that explain sustainable firm-level rents would be sufficient market frictions to explain the existence of the firm. The problem of opportunism, however, has also been closely associated with recent literature on corporate restructuring, to which we return below. Revisiting their managerial rents model, Castanias and Helfat (2001) present an expanded classification of managerial resources and explain how it relates to (1) other classifications of managerial abilities such as those dealing with leadership qualities or functional area experience and (2) the fundamental resource-based characteristics of scarcity, immobility, and inimitability. The implications of this model for firm performance, appropriability of rents from managerial resources, and incentives for managers to generate rents are then analyzed. The authors argue that managerial resources, which cannot be imitated quickly or which may have imperfect substitutes, do not by definition generate rents, especially if effort and motivation are lacking or misdirected. They also suggest that the nature of managerial resources may need to change with the life-cycle of the firm and the industry for rents to be generated. Article 3 Out of the many theories of organizational behavior, one aligns itself well with the human capital view of people within an organization. This theory, called the Resource Based View (RBV), suggests that the method in which resources are applied within a firm can create a competitive advantage (Barney, 1991; Mata, Fuerst, Barney, 1995; Peteraf, 1993; Wernerfert, 1984). The resource based view of firms is based on two main assumptions: resource diversity and resource immobility (Barney, 1991; Mata et al., 1995). According to Mata et al. (1995), these assumptions are defined as: Resource diversity (also called resource heterogeneity) pertains to whether a firm owns a resource or capability that is also owned by numerous other competing firms, then that resource cannot provide a competitive advantage. As an example of resource diversity, consider the following: a firm is trying to decide whether to implement a new IT product. This new product might provide a competitive advantage to the firm if no other competitors have the same functionality. If competing firms have similar functionality, then this new IT product doesnt pass the resource diversity test and therefore doesnt provide a competitive advantage. Resource immobility refers to a resource that is difficult to obtain by competitors because the cost of developing, acquiring or using that resource is too high. As an example of resource immobility, consider the following: a firm is trying to decide whether they should buy an off-the-shelf inventory control system or have one built specifically for their needs. If they buy an off-the-shelf system, they will have no competitive advantage over others in the market because their competition can implement the same system. If they pay for a customized solution that provides specific functionality that only they implement, then they will have a competitive advantage, assuming the same functionality isnt available in other products. These two assumptions can be used to determine whether an organization is able to create a sustainable competitive advantage by providing a framework for determining whether a process or technology provides a real advantage over the marketplace. The resource based view of the firm suggests that an organizations human capital management practices can contribute significantly to sustaining competitive advantage by creating specific knowledge, skills and culture within the firm that are difficult to imitate (Afiouni, 2007; Mata et al., 1995). In other words, by creating resource diversity (increasing knowledge and skills) and/or resource immobility (a culture that people want to work in), sustainable competitive advantage can be created and maintained. In order to create human capital resource diversity and immobility, an organization must have adequate human capital management practices, organizational processes, knowledge management practices and systems, educational opportunity (both formal and informal) and social interaction (i.e., community building) practices in place Conclusion Based on the empirical writings stated above RBV provides us the understanding that certain unique existing resources will result in superior performance and ultimately build a competitive advantage. Sustainability of such advantage will be determined by the ability of competitors to imitate such resources. However, the existing resources of a firm may not be adequate to facilitate the future market requirement due to volatility of the contemporary markets. There is a vital need to modify and develop resources in order to encounter the future market competition. An organisation should exploit existing business opportunities using the present resources while generating and developing a new set of resources to sustain its competitiveness in the future market environments, hence an organisation should be engaged in resource management and resource development. Their writings explain that in order to sustain the competitive advantage, its crucial to develop resources that will strengthen their ability to continue the superior performance. Any industry or market reflects high uncertainty and in order to survive and stay ahead of competition new resources becomes highly necessary. Morgan agrees stating that, need to update resources is a major management task since all business environments reflect highly unpredictable market and environmental conditions. The existing winning edge needed to be developed since various market dynamics may make existing value creating resources obsolete.

Emma Gifford Poems Essay

Hardy shows a various amount of thoughts, feelings and concerns throughout the ‘Veteris Vestigia Frammae’ section of his poems. These emotions always differ depending on the memory he is recalling to the place where it took place and even general differences between the way he feels about his late wife, Emma.  To start with in the first poem ‘The Going’, Hardy shows feelings of guilt and blame towards Emma. The first line of the poem, â€Å"why did you give no hint that night† straight away shows that Hardy is blaming Emma for her own death when she didn’t even know herself that she was going to die just that she was quite ill. In this poem Hardy doesn’t show guilt straight out but he does it by asking many questions in the poem but never giving any answers, it seems as if he doesn’t, maybe even can’t explain the way he feels due to Emma’s death. Another emotion shown in this poem is resentment, resentment for the fact that they did â€Å"not speak† and she died without him being able to say what she meant to him. ‘I Found Her Out There’ is also one of Hardy’s poems that shows many emotions and some concerns of his about where Emma had been buried. Hardy’s main concern is the fact that he wants Emma to be in her childhood home of Cornwall where she loved to be but instead she is buried in Wessex where they lived. In the poem Hardy says that he wants Emma to be â€Å"where she once domiciled†. This shows that Hardy wanted Emma to return to her home where she once was as he knows that she enjoyed her life there more than what she did in Wessex. Hardy uses the word â€Å"creep† to describe the way Emma would move underground, this seems to be an odd word to describe how the woman you love would move. In this case it seems as though he uses it to express his regret and how morbid it is without her but also morbid for him to remember that she loved Cornwall more than him and he knew that that was where she belonged no matter what. Hardy also uses to word â€Å"shade† to represent Emma’s soul which also seems a little strange as it would be her soul that would move if anything was going to not her shade which to me means her shadow as she doesn’t have one now. This to me represents that Hardy can’t and maybe don’t want to believe that she has gone and he will never be able to make things better between them and make her happy like she once was. â€Å"Without Ceremony† is also a good poem that shows a lot of Hardy’s emotions as I think it can be seen as his way of having a break down as he is being haunted by the past. This poem is addressed to Emma which shows that it means a lot to him and is rather sentimental but also it shows how strong and powerful his words are and how much they generally mean to him. The very first line shows affection as he calls Emma, â€Å"my dear†, this however is not the way it was when she was alive. We can see from this that either he is imagining things or is wishing how could have been. The poem to me shows a confession from Hardy as he says a lot of things that he never got a chance to say to her but always wanted to but also he lets out some of his grief and regrets. It also shows slightly how it used to be for them being together but never being with each other. For example, â€Å"before I had thought thereon† showing that he neglected her and wasn’t there for her even when she needed him to be. Hardy even went as far to say that he â€Å"inferred† which to me is him telling himself that it wasn’t all his fault but he is also questioning if they acted like a couple when they were around others but went their separate ways when no one was around. The last line of the poem, â€Å"Good-bye is not worth while!† is a very strong statement to finish on. This can shows a number of thoughts and feeling from Hardy, it could mean something as simple as it is exactly what Emma did as neither of them said bye. But it could also mean how much of pretence their relationship was and how little it meant to Emma in his eyes. Lastly it could show his grief and regret of loving her but not being in love with her, as it shows that he had more to say to her and wished that he could now so to him for not doing that he doesn’t deserve a good-bye from her.

Week One Journal

Week One Journal Alicia Campbell COM 320 March-Eleventh, 2013 Sheila Yarbrough Week One Journal This is the start of a long journey in learning to enhance my interpersonal communication skills. I know there is much in store to learn and I plan to take full advantage of the ideas to help me succeed. There are many elements in the communication realm and I never would have thought that they fit somewhere in my life; however, I learned differently. I experience source-receiver every day when I talk to my husband about his day at work or just playing with my boys.Encoding-decoding is done daily as well when I instruct my four-year-old to complete a task and I know when he completes it, he has decoded what I instructed him to do. I experience competence every day as well in the form of communication I use with my husband vs. my children. When I put myself together to go out because I want to look presentable to others, I am giving them the message that I care about how I look because I wa nt to make a good first impression. When I am on Facebook daily; I am channeling my friends and family when I post messages for them to read.Context comes in my free time, when I have a chance to glimpse through a magazine; I will most likely read cover articles than any of the others. This is a physical dimension of context. My youngest son sees the Dr. monthly, and she uses doctor jargon, which is difficult to comprehend which is a form of noise. I learned ethics from a very young age; I was taught to respect my elders, talk politely, and listen. I realize all these elements incorporate in my life somehow I will take them into account more often.By taking the quiz in chapter one, I learned I do not know much about my interpersonal communication skills. I did not realize that all of the answers were supposed to be false because I answered some true. Most of these statements were generally false; however because each of these statements is a learned skill because you are not born a competent communicator. Therefore, I plan to practice ways to improve my communication skills with people from different walks of life. One thing I did not realize is that quality matters over quantity in the amount of communication skills with others.Because I do not have much adult interaction throughout the day (stay-at-home mom), I try to choose my words wisely when I do have adult interaction. In the context of the situation, I need to remember to adjust my communication type. I just experienced this the other day when my son came to me crying because he got hurt; I got down to his level and told him everything was going to be all right versus laughing at him. This also goes along the lines when communicating with people of different cultures; people with different backgrounds attribute different meanings to a message.I experience this firsthand when I was employed, I had to choose what I discussed and how to choose my words carefully because women from different ethnic backgro unds were employees that may take the topic of discussion more to heart. I know I am a person who tries to avoid meeting new people if I can help it; I am a very shy person. However, I am getting better at this quality. I am the one that waits for the other person to talk; I reply back. Practicing this fear will help regardless. Another point to remember is to keep from avoiding conflict.Every once in a while some type of conflict is healthy for a relationship. I do not see this, though, because I have so many people that tell me this since my husband and I rarely argue. Personally, I do not see how conflict is healthy for a relationship. Even though I communicate with people verbally and nonverbally daily, I did not know the true definition of interpersonal communication and what it entailed. I think it is important to study interpersonal communication because I will need use these skills for the rest of my life and studying it will only help me get better at the qualities I am not so good at.Once I get better at communicating in different situations and with different types of people, I will come across more professional at job interviews and relate to people more effectively. Looking back at how I have communicated with people in the past and what I have come to just shows that the world moves at a much faster pace than once was. One area I hope to improve on is this, I used to write hand-written letters to my husband; however, time is changing so now all I do is Skype or e-mail when he deploys.I still need to be thankful though that he has the opportunity for this; however, it would be nice to get a letter every once in a while. It just seems life has us moving in fast forward these days. So, I hope to get as much from this class as possible. The areas I need to improve on are all of them from what I see. I want to learn how to communicate more professionally with people of higher stature because I always get nervous, which makes me sound like I am not con fident when on the other hand I want to communicate at an effective level.In general, I want to become a more confident speaker and lessen my fear of speaking with new people. I plan on soaking up all the information this course throws my way and use it to my advantage. Interpersonal communication is part of everyone’s daily lives. I am going to take in every idea this course has to offer and my communication skills should get better as time progresses and make me a more confident person in all aspects of life. These girls look like they are sharing secrets and the girl with the shocked facial expression shows me that she is receiving the message from the source.This man is using his messaging skills because he is showing he knows how to make a good first impression. Man and woman experiencing conflict and man trying to block her out by holding up his hand which shows me he is refusing to listen to anything she has to say. This is a form of psychological noise. This woman is receiving a hand-written letter via mail (the medium), which is a form of channeling. I see this photo as a form of encoding-decoding. The parents are reading the book to the boy and he is showing that he understands what is read (decoding) by laughing.When this woman chooses to read a topic from the front cover that caught her eye, she is showing an example of context in the physical dimension. These two women are doing a form of gossiping, which goes against an individual’s ethical standard. The patient is conversing with the doctor in a way that aligns with her competence. This means she is adjusting her communication style because of the person she is talking to. References Alo Mukerji. (2010). [Photograph of two woman what looks like gossiping]. Retrieved from http://blog. compete. com/2010/11/01/the-latest-gossip-on-a-site-about-gossip-tmz/ Bridal Guide. 2012). [Photograph of woman getting her hair done while reading a bridal magazine]. Retrieved from http://www. bridal guide. com/blogs/bridal-buzz/david-tutera-bridal-guide-cover-shoot Classroom Tales. (2010). [Photograph of parents reading little boy a book, and he is laughing] Retrieved from http://classroomtales. com/2010/10/09/580/ Digital Den. (2011). [Photograph of two girls one whispering to the other]. Retrieved from http://thedigitalden. files. wordpress. com/2011/10/bigstock_secrets_910281. jpg P. Nannini. (2013). [Photograph of woman getting letter out of a mailbox].Retrieved from http://providencepcc. org/awesome-things-getting-a-handwritten-letter-in-the-mail/ Regrounding. (2011). [Photograph of female patient talking to doctor]. Retrieved from http://regrounding. wordpress. com/2011/07/06/the-arts-of-doctoring-and-patient-ing/ Younglifeperception. (2012). [Photograph of man in suit reaching out to shake some ones hand]. Retrieved from http://younglifeperception. wordpress. com Younglifeperception. (2012). [Photograph of man and woman fighting; man putting up his hand to block her out] . Retrieved from http://younglifeperception. files. wordpress. com